Number Theory & Arithmetic Calculators

The fundamentals, done flawlessly. Compute square, cube, and nth roots; raise numbers to any power; add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions; work with percentages; find GCD and LCM; explore factorials, prime factorization, and logarithms; and convert between number bases, Roman numerals, and scientific notation. Fast, exact, and educational — the building blocks every other calculator on this site relies on.

  • Absolute Value

    Calculate the absolute value (magnitude) of any real number. Also called **modulus**, absolute value represents the distance from zero on th

  • Cube Root

    Calculate the cube root of any real number instantly. Enter positive, negative, or decimal values.

  • Decimal to Fraction

    Convert terminating and repeating decimals to fractions, or fractions to decimals. Results are automatically simplified to lowest terms.

  • Exponent

    Calculate any base raised to any power. Supports positive, negative, zero, fractional, and decimal exponents.

  • Factorial

    Calculate the factorial (n!) of any non-negative integer with step-by-step breakdown. Factorials grow extremely fast — maximum input is 170.

  • Fraction

    Add, subtract, multiply, and divide fractions with automatic simplification. Supports proper fractions, improper fractions, and mixed number

  • GCD

    Find the Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) of two or more numbers. Also called GCF (Greatest Common Factor) or HCF (Highest Common Factor).

  • GCD & LCM

    Find the Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) and Least Common Multiple (LCM) of two numbers simultaneously.

  • LCM

    Find the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of two or more numbers. Also called Lowest Common Multiple or Least Common Denominator (LCD) when appli

  • Modulo

    Calculate the remainder when dividing a by n (a mod n).

  • Nth Root

    Calculate any root of a number. Enter the radicand (x) and the root index (n) to find the nth root instantly.

  • Number Base

    Convert numbers between different bases: binary, octal, decimal, hexadecimal.

  • Percentage

    Four percentage calculations in one tool. Select a type below and enter your values for instant results.

  • Prime Factorization

    Find all prime factors of any positive integer with step-by-step breakdown. Also called prime decomposition or integer factorization.

  • Ratio

    Simplify, compare, and solve ratio problems. Find equivalent ratios, scale values, and calculate proportional relationships.

  • Roman Numeral

    Convert between Roman numerals and Arabic (decimal) numbers.

  • Rounding

    Round any number using five methods: nearest place value, decimal places, significant figures, ceiling (up), or floor (down).

  • Scientific Notation

    Convert numbers to and from scientific notation (standard form).

  • Significant Figures

    Enter any number — including scientific notation like 1.23e4 — to count its significant figures and round it to a target number of sig figs.

  • Square Root

    Calculate the square root of any positive number instantly. Get both principal and negative roots with step-by-step solutions and estimation